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1.
Kinesiologia ; 42(4): 291-299, 20231215.
Article in Spanish, English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1552540

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Determinar el efecto de ocho semanas de entrenamiento por hiperpnea isocápnica voluntaria (HIV) sobre el costo energético asociado a la respiración (COB) reflejado en los cambios en la oxigenación de los músculos intercostales (∆SmO2-m. intercostales) inducida por ejercicio físico de intensidad incremental. Métodos. Doce participantes físicamente activos fueron entrenados durante ocho semanas de HIV 3 días x semana, 12 minutos, al 60% de ventilación voluntaria máxima (VVM). En la semana previa y posterior al entrenamiento HIV se realizó un test cardiopulmonar (CPET) de intensidad incremental en cicloergómetro, durante esta prueba se registró la ∆SmO2-m. intercostales mediante el dispositivo MOXY®. El efecto de HIV sobre la ∆SmO2-m. intercostales se analizó mediante la prueba two-way mixed ANOVA considerando los factores (fase × tarea). Resultados. ∆SmO2-m.intercostales fue significativamente menor a partir del 30% (­5,0±4,7%; p<0.01) hasta el 100% (­10,6±12,8%; p<0.01) de la tarea luego de ocho semanas de HIV. Además, se reportó un aumento de la presión inspiratoria máxima (PIM)=16,5±11,4 cmH2O (p<0.01); y de la resistencia muscular respiratoria=106,6±149,0 s (p<0.01). El tiempo total de ejercicio aumentó en 106,6±149,0 s (p=0.04), así como la carga total en 10,50± 10,12 vatios (p<0.01). Conclusión. El HIV disminuye el COB inducido por ejercicio incremental asociado a un incremento en la performance física y de los músculos respiratorios. En futuros estudios se sugiere estudiar esta estrategia de entrenamiento analítico de los músculos respiratorios en usuarios con limitación física relacionada al aumento prematuro del COB.


Background. Objetive. To determine the effect of eight weeks of voluntary isocapnic hyperpnea (VIH) training on cost of breathing (COB) as reflected by intercostales muscles deoxygenation (∆SmO2-m. intercostales) induced by incremental-intensity physical exercise. Methods. Twelve physically active participants underwent eight weeks of VIH training, three days a week, for 12 minutes each session, at 60% of maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV). In the week before and after VIH training, a cardiopulmonary test (CPET) of incremental intensity was performed on a cycloergometer. During this test, intercostal ∆SmO2-m.intercostales was recorded using the MOXY® device. The effect of VIH on ∆SmO2-m.intercostales were analyzed using a two-way mixed ANOVA test considering the factors (phase × task). Results. ∆SmO2-m.intercostales significantly decreased from 30% (­5.0±4.7%; p<0.01) to 100% (­10.6±12.8%; p<0.01) of the task after eight weeks of VIH. Additionally, an increase in maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) of 16.5±11.4 cmH2O (p<0.01) and respiratory muscle endurance of 106.6±149.0 s (p<0.01) was reported. Total exercise time increased by 106.6±149.0 s (p=0.04), as well as total workload by 10.50±10.12 watts (p<0.01). Conclusion. VIH reduces COB induced by incremental exercise and is associated with increased physical and respiratory muscle performance. Future studies should explore this respiratory muscle training strategy for individuals with physical limitations related to a premature increase in COB.

2.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 21(3): e4435, mayo.-jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1409489

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Polipnea y taquipnea tienen significados diferentes en diversos textos y los estudiantes de Medicina se desorientan al estudiar la Semiología de la disnea. Objetivo: Elucidar la disparidad semántica entre polipnea y taquipnea. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica utilizando los descriptores en ciencias de la salud taquipnea y polipnea. Se realizó una búsqueda en quince textos de Semiología Médica y en otros libros y revistas, impresos y electrónicos, entre ellos, la Revista Española de Cardiología (enero 1997 a diciembre 2020) en Archivos de Bronconeumología(diciembre 1964 a diciembre 2020); y se hizo el análisis etimológico de las palabras estudiadas, en Medigraphic (2012-21). Resultados: Seis de quince textos de Semiología consideran sinónimos polipnea y taquipnea; cuatro, solo emplean polipnea; y dos, taquipnea. Tres distinguen taquipnea como aumento de la frecuencia respiratoria; de polipnea, respiración superficial y rápida; dos definen taquipnea como aumento de la frecuencia respiratoria simple o con disminución de la amplitud (respiración superficial) y polipnea o hiperpnea, como aumento de la profundidad respiratoria con incremento de la frecuencia. En revistas científicas, taquipnea apareció en 192 artículos como respiración rápida y superficial; con igual significado se encontró polipnea, en 27. Según origen, taquipnea significa aceleración del ritmo respiratorio; polipnea, respiración muy frecuente y superficial, sin relación con polýpnóoos: "que sopla con fuerza" e hiperpnea significa incremento de la velocidad y amplitud de los movimientos respiratorios. Conclusiones: Polipnea y taquipnea deben considerarse equivalentes de respiración rápida y superficial; taquipnea simple, si la amplitud respiratoria es normal; e hiperpnea denomina la respiración muy frecuente y profunda.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Polypnea and tachypnea have different meanings in several texts, and medical studentsmay get confusedwith just the study of the semiology of dyspnea. Objective: Toelucidatethe semantic gap between polypnea and tachypnea. Material and Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted usinghealth science descriptors such as tachypnea and polypnea; a search was performed in 15 texts of Medical Semiology and other printed or electronic books and journals, among them, theRevista Española de Cardiología(fromJanuary 1997 to December 2020) andArchivos de Bronconeumología (from December 1964 toDecember 2020); in addition, the etymological analysis of these words was carried out in Medigraphic (2012-2021). Results: Six out of fifteen texts on semiology consider that the termspolypnea and tachypnea are synonymous; fourtexts only use polypnea; and two use the term tachypnea. Three texts distinguish tachypnea as increased respiratory rate, andpolypnea as arapid, shallow breathing; two texts define tachypnea as a simple increase in the respiratory rateor a decrease in the respiratory amplitude (shallow breathing); and polypnea or hyperpnea as the increasein depth and rate of breathing.In scientific journals, the term tachypnea was usedin 192 papersto refer to rapid, shallow breathing; andpolypnea had the same meaning in 27 articles. According to its origin, tachypnea means rapid respiratory rate; Polypnea is presented as very frequent and shallow breathing, unrelated to polýpnoos: "that blows forcefully"; while hyperpneameans an increase in the speed and amplitude of respiratory movements. Conclusions: Polypnea and tachypnea should be considered as equivalents of rapid andshallow breathing; simple tachypneaif the respiratory amplitude is normal; and hyperpnea designs a very frequent and deep breathing.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Periodicals as Topic , Cardiology , Respiratory Rate , Tachypnea , Students, Medical
3.
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine ; : 377-384, 2002.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-372009

ABSTRACT

This study examined the effects of physical training on exercise hyperpnea (EH) in patients on hemodialysis (HD) . In baseline, 17 (trained group) and 12 (control group) patients on HD performed symptom limited exercise test using a treadmill. Trained group, but not control group, exercised 2 to 3 times weekly on non-dialysis days under medical supervision. Exercise testing was repeated 20 weeks after the baseline. Ventilatory response to exercise was evaluated using the regression slope relating minute ventilation (VE) to carbon dioxide output (VCO<SUB>2</SUB> ) during incremental exercise (VE/VCO<SUB>2</SUB> slope) below the point of respiratory compensation. In trained group, VE, oxygen uptake ( VO<SUB>2</SUB>) and VCO<SUB>2</SUB> at peak exercise increased and VE/VO<SUB>2</SUB> and VE/VCO<SUB>2</SUB> decreased after physical training, respectively. No change was observed in control group. VO<SUB>2</SUB> at the anaerobic threshold increased in trained group, but not in control group. The post training VE/VCO<SUB>2</SUB> slope (33.9±5.0) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the pre-training slope (38.0± 4.8) and remained constant in control group. In trained group, changes in the VE/VCO<SUB>2</SUB> slope correlated with those in peak VO<SUB>2</SUB> (p<0.05) . These results suggest that physical training decreases EH in patients on HD and that it correlates with changes in exercise tolerance.

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